Sandra Day O'Connor Day

Known mostly as a conservative justice and a proponent of judicial restraint, O’Connor also developed a reputation as an independent thinker and voter.

“Justice O’Connor was not a justice who hired like-minded clerks,” said Charles A. Blanchard, a Washington D.C.-based attorney who served as O’Connor’s law clerk from 1986-87 and one of three former clerks who will participate in a 6 p.m. roundtable discussion on O’Connor’s legacy. “She hired a wide variety of clerks with different points of view. In fact, she encouraged us to express our own views in her chambers on cases. She encouraged argument and dialogue among her staff, and that actually made the clerkship fun.”

Blanchard said he learned a lot about advocacy from O’Connor as well as humility. He said the justice took on a motherly role with her clerks, prepared home cooked meals for them and made introductions to powerful people to ensure longevity in their careers.

“She’s just a very genuine person and has a common touch when talking to people,” Blanchard said.

But that’s about the only thing common about O’Connor. Raised on an 200,000-acre ranch near Duncan, Arizona called the Lazy B, O’Connor displayed an uncommonly high IQ at a young age. She also displayed another side: rugged individuality. On the ranch she rode horses with real cowboys, branded calves, drove a pickup truck and fired her own .22 rifle, learning the values instilled by a self-reliant way of life.

O’Connor was eventually sent to live with her grandmother in El Paso, Texas to give her the best chance at a quality education. She excelled in her studies and graduated high school two years early.

A legal dispute over her family’s ranch initially stirred her interest in law, and after receiving her economics degree, in 1950 she enrolled in Stanford Law School at age 20. It was there where she met classmate and future husband, John Jay O’Connor and another famous classmate – future Supreme Court Justice William H. Rehnquist, who later served with O’Connor on the bench. O’Connor completed law school in two years as opposed to the usual three, and graduated third in her class.

She began her legal career working for the San Mateo County Attorney for free, after turning down a paid position as a legal secretary. Eventually O’Connor landed a job as the deputy county attorney.

In 1965 she became an assistant attorney general for Arizona and four years later was appointed to the Arizona State Senate to occupy a vacant seat. O’Connor was subsequently elected and reelected to the seat, becoming the first woman in the United States to hold the position of majority leader in a state senate. In 1974, she was elected to the Maricopa County Superior Court in five years later was appointed to the Arizona Court of Appeals by Governor Bruce Babbitt, who was a Democrat.

On Sept. 25, 1981, O’Connor became the first female U.S. Supreme Court justice in history when she was sworn in by Chief Justice Warren Burger.

“It’s a day that will live in infamy with many women,” said Sarah Suggs, president and chief executive officer of the Sandra Day O’Connor Institute, which is housed inside the Beus Center for Law and Society at ASU’s Downtown Phoenix campus. “Women wept. It was a momentous occasion.”

True to her character, O’Connor did not celebrate or rejoice. According for Ruth McGregor, who was a law clerk for O’Conner from 1981-82, the new justice was well aware that every word she would was going to be scrutinized and every action was being watched by the nation.

“I was constantly aware that every action she took as a justice was the first time it had been taken by a woman,” said McGregor, who later became a justice for the Arizona State Supreme Court. “So events that might have had relatively little significance if they had involved a male justice became significant. As law clerks, we could not help but be aware that we saw history in the making each day.”

McGregor said O’Connor was a “master of not showing any sign of nerves” and put her best foot forward, moving onto each challenge with great aplomb.

“That astonishes me, and most people, as we can only imagine the stress she must have experienced,” McGregor said. “Her ability to avoid being doctrinaire made her, in my view, the kind of judge we hope to have.”

O’Connor retired in 2006 to care for her husband, who was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. However, the 88-year-old continues to stay busy. She has campaigned around the United States to abolish elections for judges, advocating a merit system, which she believes leads to a more qualified and untainted judiciary.

She has also championed youth education, specifically engagement in civics and government. O’Connor founded iCivics, a game-based website that offers teaching tools on the subject of civic engagement.

In 2009, she helped to establish the Sandra Day O’Connor Institute, which focuses on three specific areas: civil discourse, civic engagement and civics education. Two years ago the institute launched Camp O’Connor, a five-day “Democracy Bootcamp” for middle schoolers and hosted at the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law. Next year the boot camp will be hosted outside of Phoenix in order to reach students in rural areas.

Retirement doesn’t appear to be in the cards for O’Connor, who will be working towards the betterment of society as long as she lives Suggs suggested.

“I think that is characteristic of her essence,” Suggs said. “Absolutely.”